AHSEC PUBLISHED NEW REVISED SYLLABUS OF ECONOMICS SUBJECT FOR HS 2ND YEAR
ASSAM HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION COUNCIL PUBLISHED NEW REVISED SYLLABUS FOR HS 2ND YEAR STUDENTS OF ECONOMICS SUBJECT
Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics
Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates
Marks 10
Periods 24
- What is Macroeconomics?
- Basic concepts in Macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.
- Circular flow of income (two sector model) ; Methods of calculating National Income- Value added or Product method, Expenditure Method, Income Method.
- Aggregates related to National Income:
- Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP, Personal Income, Private Income, Personal Disposable Income, national Disposable Income (Gross & Net).
- Simple mathematical applications of national Income concepts.
- GDP and Welfare.
Unit 2: Determination of income and Employment
Marks 12
Periods 25
- Aggregate demand and its components.
- Aggregate Supply and its components.
- Effective Demand.
- Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and Marginal).
- Short –run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism.
- Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment. Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them- change in government spending, taxes and money supply.
- Determination of Income and Employment (2 sector model).
Unit 3: Money and Banking
Marks 6
Periods 12
- Money – Meaning, evolution and functions.
- Commercial Banks- Meaning and functions.
- Credit creation by the commercial banks.
- Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. bank, Banker’s bank, control of Credit through Bank Rate, CRR,SLR, Repo Rate and reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.
Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy
Marks 6Periods 12
- Government budget – meaning, objectives and components.
- Classification of receipts – revenue receipts and capital receipts.
- Classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure, Plan and Non-plan expenditure, Developmental and Non-0develop-mental expenditure.
- Measures of Government deficit- Revenue deficit, Fiscal deficit, Primary deficit their meaning.
- Balanced Budget, Surplus Budget and Deficit Budget – meaning.
Unit 5: Balance of Payments
Marks 6
Periods 12
- Balance of Payments account- meaning and components; balance of payments deficit meaning.
- Foreign exchange rate – meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating.
- Spot and Forward exchange rate (concept only).
- Determination of exchange rate in free market.
- Foreign Exchange Market (concept only)
Part B: Indian Economic Development
Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-1990)
Marks 7
Periods 13
- A brief introduction of the states of Indian economy on the eve of the independence.
- Indian economic system and common goals of Five Years Plans.
- Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy)
- Industry (IPR 1956; SSI- role & importance) and foreign trade.
Unit 7: Economic Reforms since 1991
Marks 5
Periods 10
- Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG Policy)
- Concept of demonetization and GST.
- NITI Aayog
Unit 8: Current Challenges facing Indian Economy
Marks 22
Periods 55
- Poverty- absolute and relative; Main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical assessment.
- Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India.
- Rural Development: Key Issues- credit and marketing – role of co-operatives; agricultural diversification; alternative farming- organic farming.
- Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies.
- Infrastructure: Meaning and Types: Case Studies: Energy and Health: Problems and Policies- A critical assessment.
- Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming.
Unit8: Development Experience of India: A comparison with neighbours
Marks 6
Periods 7
- India and Pakistan
- India and China
- India and Bangladesh
Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human Development
Indicators
Part C: Project in Economics
Marks 20
Periods 20
The objectives of the project work are to enable learners to:
- Probe deeper into theoretical concepts learnt in classes XI and XII
- Analyse and evaluate real world economic scenarios using theoretical constructs and arguments
- Demonstrate the learning of economic theory
- Follow up aspects of economics in which learners have interest.
- Develop the communication skills to argue logically
The expectations of the project work are that:
- Learners will complete only ONE project in each academic session
- Project should be of 3500 – 4000 words (excluding diagrams & graphs), preferably hand- written
- It will be an independent, self –directed piece of study
Role of the teacher:
- The teacher plays a critical role in developing thinking skills of learners. A teacher should:
- Help each learner select the topic based on recently published extracts from the news, media, government policies, RBI bulletin, NITI Aayog reports, IMF/World Bank reports etc., after detailed discussions and deliberations of the topic
- Play the role of a Facilitator and Supervisior to monitor the project work of the learner through periodic discussions
- Guide the research work in terms of sources for the relevant data
- Educate learner about plagiarism and the importance of quoting the source of the information to ensure authenticity of research work
- Prepare the learner for the presentation of the project work
- Arrange a presentation of the project file
Scope of the project:
- Learners may work upon the following lines as suggested flow chart:
- Choose a title/ topic
- Collection of the research material/ data
- Organization of material/ data
- Present material/ data
- Analysing the material/ data for conclusion
- Draw the relevant conclusion
- Presentation of the Project Work
Expected Checklist:
- Introduction of topic/title
- Identifying the causes, consequences and/or remedies
- Various stakeholders and effect on each of them
- Advantages and disadvantages of situations or issues identified
- Short-term and long-term implications of economic strategies suggested in the course of research
- Validity, reliability, appropriateness and relevance of data used for research work and presentation in the project file
- Presentation and writing that is succinct and coherent in project file
- Citation of the materials referred to, in the file in footnotes, resources section, bibliography etc.
Mode of presentation/ submission of the Project:
At the end of the stipulated term, each learner will present the research work in the Project File to the External and Internal examiner. The questions should be asked from the Research Work / Project File of the learner. The internal Examiner should ensure that the study submitted by the learner is his/her own original work. In case of any doubt, authenticity should be checked and verified.
Marking Scheme:
| No. | Heading | Marks Allotted |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Relevance of the topic | 3 |
| 2. | Knowledge Research/Content Work | 6 |
| 3. | Presentation Technique | 3 |
| 4. | Viva-Voce | 8 |
| 5. | TOTAL | 20 |
Suggestive List of Projects:
Class: XII
| Topic | Topic |
|---|---|
| Micro and Small Scale Industries | Food Supply Channel in India |
| Contemporary Employment situation in India | Disinvestment Policy of the Government |
| Goods and Services Tax Act and its impact on GDP | Health Expenditure (of any state) |
| Human Development Index | Inclusive Growth Strategy |
| Self-Help Group | Trends in Credit availability in India |
| Functions of Commercial banks and Central Bank | Environmental challenges facing India (eg. Global warming) (May be a problem pertaining to the locality) |
| Employment and other related issues in India | Poverty in India |
| Monetary policy committee and its functions | Role of RBI in Control of Credit |
| Government Budget and its Component | Trends in budgetary condition of Inndia |
| Exchange rate determination methods and techniques | Currency War- reasons and repercussions |
| Livestock- Backbone of Rural India | Alternate fuel- types and importance |
| Sarwa Siksha Abhiyan- Cost Ratio Benefits | Golden Quadrilateral- Cost ratio benefit |
| Minimum Support Price | Relation between Stock Price Index and Economic Health of the Nation |
| Waste Management in India- Need of the hour | Minimum Wage Rate- Approach and Application |
| Digital India- Step towards the future | Rain Water Harvesting- a solution to water crisis |
| Vertical Farming- an alternate way | Silk Route- Revival of the Past |
| Make in India- The way ahead | Bumper Production- Boon or Bane for the farmer |
| Rise of Concrete Jungle- Trend Analysis | Organic Farming- Back to the Nature |
| Any other newspaper article and its evaluation on the basis of economic principles |
Any other topic (Specially related to own States / regions / locality etc.) |
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